Signaling system.



- s. Gnomz smmtm; sum. LPPLIUATIOI FILED itl. l0, 1906.

4 Patented Sept. 22,1908.

:mans-renal.

"Vi/ITIJES 5 E: s

MMM'

@MEDI STAgigs Parr-ENT onirica f i sEwALL einer, imoc'innneis,MASSACHUSETTS, Assieme 'rols'roxE TELEGRAPB Nn TELEPHONE coMrANY,or'Bos'roN, MASSACHUSETTST sIeNaLmG sYsTEx..

l teins, ofwhich the following is a specifica- Without, the use ofwires'. to guide the waves tion.A

My invention relates to the art of transmitting intelligence from onestation to anotherbymeans of electromagnetic waves,

to their destination, and it relates more particularly to avcoinpletesystem for transmit-v ting and receiving such waves, which may beoperated bv and in connection with existing wire telegraph lines.

' The 'general object of my invention is to provide a wireless telegraphsystem which nfiaybe operated by and in connection with existing wire stelegraph systems without changing an of the operating features of suchwire te egraph systems,but maintaining saidoperating features in theirpresent form as in use today in the present-state of development nfcommercial wire telegraph systemst f Y Another object of my invention.is to pro'- vide a wireless telegraph transmitting` system which 'may beoperated by .a'wire telegraph transmitting operator located at adistance from said system; and 'a wireless telegraph receiving system,located at the. same v station as said transmitting system or at a lsounder or other wire telegraph receiving different station, which mayoperate a apparatus located at a distance from sai receiving system andwhich may be locafted atl the same wire telegraph station as saidtransmitting operator.

Other 'special objects of mv invention are to provide a wirelesstelegraph system which may he operated .bv and in connection with anexist-ing wire telegraph system, or which ma beoperated independently ofsuch line,

an bymeans of which a wireless telegraph message may be automaticallyrelayed in eitherNdirec-.tion from' one .combined transmitting andreceiving system to another combined transmitting and receiving systemthrough the intermediary of a two-way wireless telegraph rl'aying systemcomprising a receiving system connected bv a relatively short wire linewith a transmitting svs'tem;

short wire line so that messages from either i terminal-station may bereceived at said wayA station' and messages may be sent from the latterto either terminal station; and in general to employ wireless'telegraphtwo-way .relaying systems to supplement existing Wire telegra h' linesinany and all possible ways, some o which are hereinafter set forth inthepresent application and others of which are set forth in my ap licationSerial N o. 305,263 iled `simultaneousiiy herewith.

tion, `and which diagrammatically i ustrate 4 `organizationsot apparatus and circuits whereby the hereinbefore stated objects may be'realized.

In the drawings, Figure V1 is a schematic Other objects of my inventionwill herein- I view illustrating one Way in which the system hereindescribed may be employed to supplement existing wire telegraphlsystems; Fig. 2 is a diagram showing one form of apparatus and circuitarrangements embodymg the principles of the present invention;

Fig. *2"L is a diagram illustrating a modifica-V tion-of a detail of theway station circuits and apparatus, and Fig. 3 is a diagram illustratmga modification of a detail of constructionl whereby a wireless telegra hsystem may be operatively connected Wit i a.'wire telegraph system. A. sIn the figures, V is an elevated conductor,

G is :in earth connection, M is a transformer,

I, and I2 are transformers primaries and Sec ondari'es respectively, Cis a condenser, L is an inductance, R is a resistance, K is a key,

S is a spark-gap, A is an alternating current generator or othersuitable source of vibratory current, B is a battery, I is a wiretelegraphline; andthe various elements are dis-` tinguished from eachother by the employ-1 ment of ex onent-s and subscripts.

Xy and l represent two terminal wireless stations each'of which may beoperated b a.

wireless' telegraph4 operator manipulat the` key K by hand, or by awire' telegralii i operator-located' at the stationsz or z some distancefrom said wireless station manipu i'lating the wire telegraph key K. Yis an intermediate 1woway wireless teleto provide a Way station in saidrelatively [graph relaying system comprising a wireless 'sai wirelesssystems.

' vAssuming first. that the switch N isopened for the p'u -ose ofrendering the transmitting syst-em" in ependent of the wire. telegra l1vline I and that the s'. "itch U is closed fort e` pu ose of includingthe telephone T in series the oscillation detecto" VP and for thefurther u ose of renderingthe said wire telegrap line independent of thewireless telegraph-receiving system, the depression of the ey K opensatlbQthe circuit of the oscillation. detectonithereby rendering thelatter inoperative, and- `shortcircuits at f.""ithe re ceiving system; Afurther depression of 'said key closes at k the primary power circuit ofthe transmitting system` and causes the' radiation of electromagneticwaves from the elevated. transmitting 'conductor system V I2 s" o o E.Other means, however, operated by the key K, `may be employed forrendering the oscillation detector or receiver inoperat1ve, andtherefore Ido not wish to linut myself to the particular means hereindisclosedV for performing this function. i v prefer to so relate thewindings of the transsaid oscillations is translated b ormer M 'that thenatural period of the sonorous circuitI C S Ix is rendered practicallyindependent of the electromagnetic constants ofthe elevated transmittingconductor system. l

The electroma etic signal waves ytransmitted from the e evated conductorV by the depression of the key K at the station X actuate the wirelesstelegraph receiving system of the relaying system Y which is providedwith the elevated conductor V1, and the oscillatioudetector P"associated with said-system causes tlie o eration of the wire telegraphsystem I. :Tige operation of said wire te egraph 'system eiects theenergize.n

tion of the transmitting system of said relaying-s 'stem which isprovided with the elevate conduct-or Vf. The electromagnetic signalwaves radiated from said conductor create electrical oscillations in theelevated receiving conductor system Vl I2 s o L C Il o' E at the stationZ and the energy o the transfo'rrner'Ml to the resonant recelving.circuit 1: C,z attuned to the frequency of said waves and reerably sorelated to the loop circuit C, f, that its natural period isprac ticallyindependent ofl the electromagnetic constants of said elevated receivingconductor system. The oscillation'respo'nder P, which, in the presentcase, is shownas consisting of a cell containing an electrolyte andhaving as its anode a wire about one mil. in diameter inclosed in vglassso that only its end is exposed, is operated by said oscillations andcauses current variatims in the circuit including the telephone T, atsaid station Z.

s shown the terminal stations X rand Z areprovided with identicalapparatus so that it will be' seen that the transmitting apparatus at Zoperates exactl r as that above deseribeflimmnnection wit X, and also.that

actlyv as tha above described in connection with Z. W

,Ateither station X 'or Z if an operati-ir fails A 'l j to understandasignal he si depressinghis key K andt "ereby transmittingelectromagnetic signal waves to the transmitting operator at thestationfrom which signals are being transmitted and the latter, whoalways keeps his head telephone T over his Aears while sending, isenabled to receivethe break sifrnal between his own signal elements whenhis own key isl in itsv normal osition. v

It wil be obvious that the aforesaid breaking o eration is renderedpossible by the fact t at during transmission tho difference ofpotential existing between the terminals o-and o', which form theterminals of the receiving system, is negligibly small and will notinjure the delicate parts of said system; and by the further fact thatthe point of connection of the receiving systeml to the transmittingsystem during such trans# mission is a point having practically zeropotential to ground so that during said transmission the receivingsystem will have practically zero potential whereb the receiving 10v i"the receiwng apparatus at X operates exoperator may with safety maintainthe head tele hone T in position.

though the apparatus above described whereby areceiving operator mayslgnal break without injuring himself or hisreceiving apparatus is theform preferred by mein practice, I do vnot wish to e limited to thisparticular arrangement for breaking" inasmuch as other arrangements mayserve my urpose. l

. T e method employed by me for rela wireless telegraph signals from thestation tov the station Z by'means of the relaying system Y isessentially the same asjK-that described in the patent to StoneN0.-717,510,

be had. The wireless telegraph receiving system of the relayingsystem Yis attuned to the frequency of the waves transmitted by the wirelesstelegraph transmitting systems and 10 representing an arbidated Dec. 30,1902, to which reference may frequency to which the wireless telegraphref celving syst-ems at the terminal stations are attuned, as indicatedby the symbols, T5 und Rs where T and Rhavc the same significance asabove and where 5 represents an arbit-ra- 13 -rily chosen frequency`diterent from that re resented by l0. 4 v i distance separatinfr theterminal stations is ,t will''now be understood that the sonorl toogreat to be bridged by the Wireless transous circuits S C I,.of theterminal stations X l vmission from the transmitting systems of and Z,and the elevated conductor system Y 'either of the terminal stations,and that the I, s.' o 'o'. E at said stations, 4as well as the i irelaying system lis placed approximately A .resonant 'receivingcircuit12 C," and the midwa betweensaid'terminal stations. For

It,is of cou-rse to be understood that the elevated receiving conductorsystem V, Ll l examp e, thestation X ma f be situated on It will also beunderstood that the elevated p ing system, are all attuned't-*i the samefrestated 'isdifferent .fromlthat lwhich isrepresented by the symbol 1(A -Still assumi'nflr relay and thereby closes the line I' through ,the`battery B3 and relay 23.

" current variations in. the circuit of the teletransmitting system ofsaidurelaying system,

I-l C, at the terminal stations,`aslwell as the eievatedfco'nductorsystem V E 'zand its assol signal elements when his keyis in normal tionZ ma be situated on the, outskirts of Boston'. t will be obvious thatmeans attuned tothe saine l re uency which as above 'stated isrepresented y the symbol 10.'

receiving conductor systems Vd? s.L o L Il, 01' Vo E and theresonant'.receivmg circuits care of the tratiic from New York to NewHaven and vice versa and from Boston to New Haven and vice versa, andsuch means I rovide in the form ofthe way station y,

.hen the terminal stations'are operated by' 'means of thekeys K this waystation is pr vided withthe apparatus shownvin 2 in which 26` is afront'contact relay and 26 is a sounder Whose hammer 29 is normally heldagainst itsl up` cOnta'ct'bv means ofI the'spr' ciated sonorous circuitS,z Cz Mz,4 of the relayquen'c being that frequenc' which is represente.by the symbol. 5 an which as above that the' switches N and U aredosed', it wi be understood in view*V of the foregoing that the wavesradiated by the transmlttin system at X are'- selectively absorbed by t1e re*- ceifving system of the relaying' system Y and operatethe'oscillation detector Pf' thereby causing` the energization of therelay 20.v The energization of relay 2O causes the armature. Z1 tocontact the front sto 22 of said i. When the wire lineI is closed by therecireuitat the front contact28, and when said relay 20 is denergizedthe spring h draws the armature 27 against its back conltact and permitsthe sprlng i, to retract the hammer 29 to its normal position. Thus it lThe armature will be seen that the hammer 29 follows syn- 24 of Asaidrelay 23- is attracted to its front stop 25 and thereby closes theprimary power circuit including the alternator A2 and the primary of thetransformerl M, thereby causing the ener ization of thetransmittingsystem of the re aying system Y. The resultingelectromagnetic waves radiated by said transmitting system areselectively absorbed .by the receiving systeml at the terminal stationZ, which the key K normally is held in the position'shownT and operatethe oscillation detector P thereby creating The Vkey K', at the waystation g/.is a orse key of the 'ordinary type grounded at E', throughthe batter B4 and adapted to be connected to the ine I by throwing theswitch 30 over on its contact 3i. When the wa station o erator hearseither New York or oston cal in New Haven, he closes the switch 30,ope'nsx ing station,

way station operatorwho may answer by manipulat' Y his key ltherebyenergizi phone T. Similarly when` the operator at station Z depresseshis key K,'the resulting lelectromagnetic waves are selectively.. ab'sorbed by the receiving system of the'relayf ing system Y, operate thewire telegraph line; I', and cause the radiation 4of waves from thewaves from the elevated conductor system V E2. Obviously the way stationoperator can break the terminal station communicat' with hirn and eitherterminal station can reak the way station operator.

' The wire telegraph stations :n and 2 may be located at long distancesfrom their respecf tive wireless stations being connected therewith bythe wire telegraph lines I, I, or they and the latter Waves `areselectively absorbed by the receiving system of the terminal station Xthereby reducing signals inthe tele'- phoneT at sai station- A If areceiving Voperator at either terminal station fails to understand aportion of a message, he immediately depress'es his key K and signalsbreak, and the'transmittinw operator at the other station receivesfsai-i signal his telephone T between hisown .sai terminal stations X and Z,the lines I, I beinshort conductors. The advantage of empio Ying thekeys K and' short conductors I has een more fully explained in myapplication (Serial No. 305,260, filed simultaneousl Y herewith) Yandis, that thereby back- 'stro e-M'orse wireless signals may be trans.mitted from the terminal stations and transshould `be' provided inthewire line I' to take Y .lay 2O the'armature 27 closes the sounder`ehronously the` movements of the ke 4s Kg the relay 23 an causing theradiation of slgnal' city, the trans-Y is key and answers the call-A Thecallingv'station then trans-l' mits the message which is received by thema be locatedin the same station house as,v

I elevated'conductor V. Said waves operate Vthe oscillation detector Pand thereby result.l

.lated into front-stroke Morse at the end of the transmission system. U

.said application it is practically impossibletp* locateja wirelessstation in acityfand. there` fore it will be seen that the wiretelegraph' apparatus shown inl Fig. 2, which consists of i the back'contact relay 28,l and the back stroke 'key K and the switches N and Uat Y the terminal stations will be placed in the positionsshown in Fig.2. The operation is as follows :-If New York wishes to communi" catewithBoston, the operator at x opens his key K', thereby denergizzing therelay 11 and opening the circuit ci the sounder 14,

-'andalso denergizing the relay .2. The

springe draws the armature 12 of the relay- 1 1 away from its front stop i3 and the spring.

d draws the hammer of. the .sounder 14 against its up contact, wh1le thespring-d draws the armature 3. of the relay -2 against the front contact4 and thereby closes the circuit of the battery B and magnet I.Themagnet 1 operates the key K and energize's the primary power circuitat station X there` by effecting the 'radiation of waves from the in theenergizationof relay which closes the lineI through the battery Bg. Theen- 'ergization of the relay 26 thereby etl'ected opens the circuit ofthe sounder 26 and permits. the spring 'i to retract 'the hammer 29 f iagainst its u stop. The closure of said'hne throu h s aic battery alsoenergizes the relay 23 an effects the radiation of waves from the.elevatedy conductor "system V E'z which waves operatetlie oscillation'responder-1er receiver P' at. station Z and cause the energi'- zation,of the'relay 5. The'armature 6 of said relay thereby;l is attractedagainst the 4tension of its spring e and cuts the resistance R into thevcircuit I.- The current in said v circuit which includes the batteryB', thereby is reducedsufiiciently to 'permit the relay 11 to open thecircuit oi" the sounder 14 (see details vof relay 11 and Sounder 14 atstation' x), but` without operating relay 2,' and the hammer 15 of saidsounder thereby is drawn to its up contact. AThe Sounders all along thetransmission line are now in exactlyy the same condition as when a wiretelegrap i operator on an ordinary wire telegrap i line o ens his key..When the operator at r clbses his key, the armatures 12 and l5 oftherelay and sounder 11' and 14 at his own sta tion and at the stationl z',as well as the arnnitures 27 and 29;0f the relay and sounder 26 i and26' at the way station y, synchronously follow the movements of said keythereinV As explained :in t

l. the way station operator wishes to breakl he terminal station.operato-rs he closes the iswitcli and si als break` in the usual imanner. As wil -be obvious, the way staftion operator may put himselfinto commuif nication with either' terminal station and the operators'ata: and may'fbreak said waiy t station operator in the usual-manner.

@will4 be obvious also that an operator at Neither terminal station z orz, may break `the Vother throu h the intermedi ofthe wirelesstelegrap'relaying system. in the usual manner.

-therein shown illustrates ve the terminals of the armature 6 and backcontact 7 of the relay 5', I nia substitute a f continuity-preservingkey of t e usual t e such for example `as shown in Fig. 3, means-ofjwhicli the resistance R is 'normally v'sliunted by the armature 6and the s ring tongue 7', lso that the relay 11 normally volds thesounder circuit closed on the front contact 13.. When the receiver P isoperated and the relay 5 thereby energized, the resist ance R is cutinto the circuit of the line I, the tongue 7 being forced against thescrew 32 and thereby held out of contact with the armature 6. 'i

It will be obvious that niany'other continuit -preservingor lioldoverdevices may be may be employed for associating the wireless hereindisclosed, inasmuch as many modifi-A g cations maybe made thereinV by'those i skilled in the arti without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

l I claim, l. In a signaling system, a station coml. prising a wirelesstelegraph transmitting syswaves of one fieqnencyand a wirelesstelcrequen'cy; a two-way wireless telegraph re- In lieu of theresistance R shunted around and the vwire telegraph systemshereinbeforef tem adapted to transmit electromagnetic graph receivingsystem'attund to adill'erent` producing ront-strol-:e-Morse signals. lfl I Referring to 1, the schematic view, simply the manner in 'whichrelayed wire ess transmisso l emp o ed ,to prevent the denergizationof ythere ay 2 and the consequent' energiz ation laying system located at adistance from/saidV station and 'comprising a wireless telegraphreceiving system attuned to the frequency of the waves developedby saidtransmitting system, a Wireless telegraph transmitting system ada ted todevelop electromagnetic' waves .of te frequency-to which the iirstmentioned receiving system is attuned,'aiid a wire telegraph systemoperativeiy associated with the wireless telegraph systems of@saidrelaying system; `and another station attuned to waves of anotherfrequency, an

located at a distance from said relaying sys- -tem Y and comprising awireless telegraph transmitting system adapted to developelectroinagnetic waves of the frequency to which the wirelesstelegraphreceiving system of said relaying system is attuned and awireless telegraph receiving system attuned to the frequency oftliewaves developed by the Wireless telegraph transmitting system i ofAsaidrelaying system.-

2. In a signaling system, two terminal stations, each comprising acombined transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system, b t itransmitting systems being adapted to develop electromagnetic waves ofone frequency and b oth receiving Asystems bein Y anintermediaterelaying system comprising a wireless telegraph receivingsystem at-f tuned to the frequency ofthe waves developed by saidtransmitting systems, a wireless Vtelegraph transmitting system ada tedto develop Waves of thev frequency to l. liich the terminal stationreceivingsystems 'are attuned and a wire tele aphsystem operativelyassociated with t e transmitting and receiving systems lof said relayingsystem.

3. In asignalihg system, two terminal stations, each station comprisinga wireless telegraph transmitting s stem, both transmitsystems beingattuned to thesame ireting vsystems'being a apted tod'evelop'electromagnetic waves of the same frequency,

and each station comprising also' a wireless telegraph' receivingsystem, both receiving uency, being a frequency different from t" atofthe waves developed by the aforesaid transmittin systems, incombination with an inter-me iate relaying system comprising l awireless telegraph receiving system attuned to the frequency of theWaves developed by the transmitting systems at the terminalV stations, awireless telegraph transmittingsystem adapted to develop electromagneticwaves f the ire uency to which the receiving systems at t e terminalstations are attuned, and u. wire telegraph sys-- e Y -tem operativelyassociated with the wireless i' "so tems o said relayig systemf telegrah transmitting .and receiving sys- 4. In a signa gl system, two terminali'wireless telegraph stations, an intermediate two-way wirelesstelegraph relaying system and awire telegraph way station apparatus. V-operatively connected with said relaying systively associated with saidreceiving and-` y transmitting and receiving apparatus asso-Vtransmitting systems; and a Wire telegraph ciatedwith said wire telegrapsystems` 6.' In a signaling system, a combined transmitting and4receiving wireless telegraph system at a station. comdprising atransmitting-system adapted to evelop electromagnetic waves of onefrequency, a recei system attuned to .electromagnetic Waves o adifferentfrequency, an oscillation detector and a sending devicearrangedv to render'the' 85.

oscillation detector inoperative during the operation of thetransmitting systemt g 7. In a` signaling system, a combinedtransmitting and receiving wireless' telegraph system comprisingartransmittingsystem-eo adapted to develop electromagnetic Waves Y ofone frequency and including a sending device, and comprising also areceivin system attuned to'eiectromagneti'c waves -o a differentfrequency and including'an oscillation 95;

detector, in' combination with means oper- Y Y ated by said sendingdevice for renderingsaid -oscillation detector inoperative during theenergization of said transmitting system.

8. In a s'gnaling system, a combined 100 transmitting and receivingwireless telegraph- 'system including a sending device andan ioscillation detector, a Wire telegraph system includin a receiving aparatus, means 0011- operating said sending device and a continu" trolledy said wire te egrapli system fo'V ity-preserving key controlled by saidoscilla- Y l tion detector for operating said receiving :p-

paratus v without operating said sending j 9. In a signaling s tem, awirelessftel'e'' graph system, inclu ing.v asending device. and areceivinv device, a Wire telegralph'system associated with said wirelesste egraph system and a continuityreserving key controlled by saidreceiving evice for operating said wire telegraph system withoutoperating said sending device.

10. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph vtransmitting system anda wireless telegra h receiving system at a station, a wire te egraphsystem operatively associated with sai wireless telegraph systems, atwoway wireless telegraph relayingsystem located ata distance from saidstation,`a wireless telegraph transmitting system and a wirelesstelegraph receiving system atanother station located at a distance fromsaid l l relaying s stem, and a wire telegra h system operative yassociated Vwith `the ast rnen.-

tloned wireless telegraph systems'.

11. In asignaling system,- a combined transmitting and receivingwireless telegraph Ysystem at a station', a wire. telegraph systemoperatively associated with said Wireless telegraph' system, a twg-wayWireless telegraph relaying system located ata distance from said station, a combined transmittingand receiving wireless .telegraph systemat an lother station located at a distance from said stations eachcomprising'a combined transmittin'g and receiving wireless telegraphsystem, wire telegraph systems operatively as- 'soclated respectivelywith the said wireless telegraph systems at the said terminal stations,and an intermediate two-Way Wireless telegra 'h rela'yimT system.

14, n asigna system, two terminal stations each com using a Wirelesstelegraph vtransirntting and receivl system, Wire te egraph I?systems'.v associate respectively with the wireless telegraph systems atsaid termirespectively with nal stations, an intermediate tv'o-way wire;l wless telegraphv relaying system, and means whereby 'the terminalstation operators may .break through'the intermediaryoi saidwireless,telegraplrrelaying system. l

15. In a. signahng system, twp termlnal stations each 'comprising acombined transmitting and receiving Wireless telegraph sys-v tem, wiretelegraph systems operatively `associated respectively with the wirelesstele- .graph systems at said terminal stations, an4

intermediate two-way wireless telegraph relayin system, and meanswhereby the terthe intermediary of said wireless telegraph relayingsystem.

, *16. n a signaling system, an intermediate two-Way wireless telegraphrelaying system, having in combination a wireless telegraph transmittingsystemadapted tov develop electromagnetic waves of definite frequency,v

a wireless telegraph receiving system-adapt- 4ed vto selectively absorbthe energy of electromagnetic Waves of different frequency, 4a 'wiretelegraph system operatively associating said transmitting and receivinsystems, and auxiliary apparatus associatev with said wire telegraphsystem.

- In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 8th dayof Meh.,

' SEWALL CABOT. Y Witnesses:

-E. B. ToM'LINsoN, GEO. K. Woonwonmn mina station operators may. breakthrough

